Pre-op instrument · ankle

Two ankles, the same deformity. One gets replaced, one gets fused.

Put twenty-one degrees of coronal burden and nine degrees of residual into this tool twice. The first time, say the hindfoot gives most of it back on a Coleman block. The second time, say it does not. Same numbers, different operation. The ankle is the hip's problem one segment down: there is a joint below that either shares the load or refuses to, and a block under the forefoot is what tells you which.

Measure this ankle → See the two identical ankles →
Weight-bearing films and one clinical test · gives the coronal burden, what the joint absorbs, and the residual that belongs below the joint
The envelope · weight-bearing views and the Coleman block

The ankle's adjacent segment is the hindfoot.

In the hip, the pelvis either rotates when the patient sits or it does not, and that decides how much the cup has to carry. In the ankle, the subtalar joint either gives the deformity back or it does not, and that decides whether the residual takes an osteotomy or a fusion. The Coleman block is this joint's second film.

The deformity

Weight-bearing ankle and hindfoot alignment views.
14°
The intra-articular coronal deformity, varus or valgus.
12°
Up to about 5° is physiologic and is not counted as deformity.

The block, and the joint below

Whether the hindfoot gives the deformity back when the forefoot driver is removed.
Corrects toward neutral means flexible and forefoot-driven. Stays put means rigid.
The joint below
Flexible — the residual is correctable
Tier C

Needs work below the joint.

Where the burden goes
21° burden · 9° residual

Log this ankle →The two identical ankles →
The finding

Same burden. Same residual. Different operation.

These two ankles produce identical arithmetic. Twenty-one degrees of total coronal burden, twelve absorbed inside the joint, nine left over. Everything the films measure agrees. The only thing that differs is what the hindfoot does on the block, and it changes the operation.

 Flexible hindfootRigid hindfoot
Talar tilt14°12°
Hindfoot deformity beyond physiologic
Total coronal burden21°21°
Absorbed inside the joint12°12°
Residual
Gives back on the block
AnswerTier C — replace it, and correct the residual with an osteotomy below the jointTier D — the residual cannot be given back without fusing something. Fusion territory
Why this is the whole point of measuring the segment below. A tool that stopped at the ankle would call these two cases the same and be wrong half the time. It is the same lesson the hip page reaches from the other direction: there, deformity alone did not narrow the cup window and immobility did. Here, burden alone does not decide the operation and flexibility does.
The four tiers

The residual decides whether you go below the joint. The block decides what you can do there.

The numbers, and how firm each one is

One of these is a cliff. The rest are planning assumptions.

What is a planning assumption rather than a finding. The twelve degrees the joint absorbs is an assumption about implant and balancing capacity, not a measured property of any implant, and it is the number most worth arguing with. Burden is treated as additive across ankle and hindfoot, which real coupled feet are not. The physiologic hindfoot allowance is a convention. The Coleman block is a clinical test with observer variability, not a measurement. Not a cleared device, not clinical advice.
A correction to something the shoulder page says. That page states no mandatory CMS episode reaches it, which is true of the shoulder. It is not true here. TEAM's lower-extremity joint replacement category is triggered by MS-DRG 469, 470, 521 or 522, or by HCPCS 27447, 27130 and 27702 — and 27702 is total ankle replacement. The ankle sits inside the mandate with the knee and hip.
Four joints, one structure

Measure the envelope, absorb what you can, escalate only on the residual.

 KneeHipShoulderAnkle
The envelopeOpening under load, across flexionPelvic tilt, across postureDistance from the premorbid glenoidWhat the hindfoot gives back
Adjacent segmentPelvisSubtalar joint
The second lookStress at each flexion angleThe seated filmThe vault reconstructionThe Coleman block
The residualLaxity positioning cannot balancePostures no cup satisfiesDegrees the reamer should not takeDegrees the joint cannot absorb
The escalationConformity, lip, stepDual mobilityAugment, graft, reverseOsteotomy, or fusion
Mandatory episodeTEAMTEAMnoneTEAM
Log this ankle

Put the first row in.

The measurements above are attached. Contact details only; we reply with the ledger format and the other three instruments.

Stored as telemetry for calibration, not as a clinical record. No patient identifiers are collected.